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<p class="p1">1. Name two important OS ideas first explored by the T.H.E. operating system.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">	</span>Hierarchical OS structures, Semaphores<span class="Apple-converted-space">   </span></p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1">2. Name two OS features pioneered by the ATLAS system.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">	</span>Virtual Memory, Interrupts</p>
<p class="p2"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">3. Name two unusual characteristics of the MULTICS system.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p2"><span class="Apple-converted-space">   </span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">	</span>OS written in high level language &amp; Protection rings</p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1">4. Explain at least three developments in system hardware and software that had<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">occurred by the late 1960s that made timesharing more feasible than it could have<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">been ten years earlier.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p2"><span class="Apple-converted-space">   </span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">	</span>Interrupts</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">	</span>System Calls</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-tab-span">	</span>Virtual Memory</p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1">5. What was the greatest problem in designing a timesharing system that was not<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">faced by batch systems?<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p2"><span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span></p>
<p class="p1">Determining how to split the time of executing programs.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>(Time slice or quantum)</p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1">6. Name an operating system that meets each of the descriptions in the following<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">list: <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">    </span>i. A very early OS developed by an IBM users group<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>SHARE<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">    </span>ii. A large OS written almost entirely in PL/I<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>MULTICS</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">    </span>iii. Introduced the concept of interrupts<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>ATLAS</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">    </span>iv. Popular OS originally created by programmers for their own use UNIX</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">    </span>v. Introduced the idea of layered system organization T.H.E</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">    </span>vi. The largest and most complex OS ever developed<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>JCL</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">    </span>vii. First operating system for microcomputers<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>CP/M</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">    </span>viii. A transparent distributed OS based on UNIX LOCUS</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">    </span>ix. A pioneer OS for personal workstations<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>Alto &amp; Star</p>
<p class="p3"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">7. Explain briefly why the objectives of a batch operating system conflict with those<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">of an interactive system.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p4"><br></p>
<p class="p1">A batch system relies solely on system input and accept no human interaction.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>Batch systems</p>
<p class="p1">take advantage of computing resources more efficiently as they do not have to idle for human</p>
<p class="p1">input.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>An interactive system has to have a layer for interacting with a user, even during execution, which requires an entirely different design model.</p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1">8. What is unusual about the manner in which the UNIX operating system was<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">developed?<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p4"><br></p>
<p class="p5">UNIX was developed solely by researchers for their own use.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>It wasn't meant</p>
<p class="p5">to be distributed.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>The licensing issue was interesting because IBM had no claim</p>
<p class="p5">to the operation system as they weren't in the business of operating systems and</p>
<p class="p5">then just gave it away as a result. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1">9. Give a principal reason why the VAX was developed.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1">VAX was developed as a result to the limitations of the PDP-11.</p>
<p class="p2"><br></p>
<p class="p1">10. Why were the goals of operating systems for local area networks different than<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">those for long-distance networks? <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p class="p4"><br></p>
<p class="p5">Long distance networks require more management of computing resources that weren't local.<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>Long distance networks needed to serve different computers with different objectives. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
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